Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada Served in Washington with Bolivian Demand to Appear – Photos
Months ago the Bolivian government issued a formal order for President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada to return to Bolivia to give testimony regarding his potential prosecution for murder. The charges relate to his government’s repression during 2002 that left dozens dead, hundreds wounded, and eventually forced his ouster from office.
Well, for months, the US departments of State and Justice have failed to meet their legal requirement to serve the Sanchez de Lozada the legal order sent by the Bolivian Attorney General. Perhaps the US bureaucracy lost it. Perhaps they just couldn’t find the former President’s house in Washington.
On Monday the President of Bolivia Human Rights Assembly and the organization representing Sanchez de Lozada’s victims sent a fax to Secretary of State Rice and US Attorney General Gonzales, letting them know that Sanchez de Lozada was scheduled to make an appearance last night at a Princeton University event in Washington. When US officials failed to show up to do the job, two US activists, Sara Grusky and Doug Hertzler formally served Sanchez de Lozada the formal papers.
Here are photos of Sanchez de Lozada receiving those documents last night.
Under the laws of the District of Colombia, Bolivia’s former President has now formally been served the Bolivian Attorney General’s demand. Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada is now legally required to return to Bolivia to give testimony on the charges against him.
The question that remains is whether the US government will force him to comply with that demand or will block the Bolivian legal system and give another deposed leader exile, in the long and shameful tradition of Somoza of Nicaragua, the Shah of Iran and so many more.
Well, for months, the US departments of State and Justice have failed to meet their legal requirement to serve the Sanchez de Lozada the legal order sent by the Bolivian Attorney General. Perhaps the US bureaucracy lost it. Perhaps they just couldn’t find the former President’s house in Washington.
On Monday the President of Bolivia Human Rights Assembly and the organization representing Sanchez de Lozada’s victims sent a fax to Secretary of State Rice and US Attorney General Gonzales, letting them know that Sanchez de Lozada was scheduled to make an appearance last night at a Princeton University event in Washington. When US officials failed to show up to do the job, two US activists, Sara Grusky and Doug Hertzler formally served Sanchez de Lozada the formal papers.
Here are photos of Sanchez de Lozada receiving those documents last night.
Under the laws of the District of Colombia, Bolivia’s former President has now formally been served the Bolivian Attorney General’s demand. Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada is now legally required to return to Bolivia to give testimony on the charges against him.
The question that remains is whether the US government will force him to comply with that demand or will block the Bolivian legal system and give another deposed leader exile, in the long and shameful tradition of Somoza of Nicaragua, the Shah of Iran and so many more.
posted by The Democracy Center at 10:16 AM
The Democracy Center, based in Cochabamba Bolivia and San Francisco California, works globally to advance human rights through a combination of investigation and reporting, training citizens in the art of public advocacy, and organizing international citizen campaigns. If you like the Blog, consider becoming a subscriber to The Democracy Center's free e-newsletter by sending us an email at 
43 Comments:
To the "GetGoni" campaign - a big bravo.
An honest question...
Why is the envelope in his hands the traditional "post-office-paper brown" whereas the envelope on the floor is clearly a manila (yellowish) envelope?
I'm not implying that there are some shenanigans going on with the photos, but it seems obvious that the envelope on the floor is different than the one in his hands in the two different photos.
???
An excellent question. No shenanigans. I understand that the activists had multiple packets with which he could be served to be sure someone succeeded. You do, in fact, see two different envelopes I believe. We hope to post a full first hand account of all this in the next day or so.
Don't want to be labeled as "defending" Goni (You'll throw that one arround quite a bit) but the latest development in this ongoing charade got me quite annoyed. Why do I say charade? because of the totally ridiculous and unprofessional way the whole "case" has been carried. I mean genocide charges? check your freaking Larusse Ilustrado before you even use that word! It only discualifies the proponents of the case (Sacha anyone?) and does no justice to the victims.
Next come the freaking "activists" (by the looks of their resumes a couple of profs. "haciendo carrera" in our laboratory) with that ridiculous "serving" [but it just sounds sooo good..]I'm no expert in Jersey or DC law but I bet you not even in the people's courts can any hijo de vecino "serve" these types of legal documents (this ain't small claims afterall - your eagerness to prove your convictions may just have added another point to the "dissregard this" balance). Much less for the nature of this case. Please... jurisdiction matters! what's next? motion for a change of venue to the supreme court of Ivirgarzama? (lynchings welcome, drug dealers need not apply).
ahhhh
Even if the charges are harsh, isn't that for the Bolivian people to decide and not the U.S. Government? It really annoys me that the government is not responding to this. Its amazing that they are harboring this guy...I am a U.S. citizen, but I was living in Bolivia at the time that the events that he is being charged for took place, and they are nothing to scoff at. The U.S. bombs other countries when they harbor people who they think need to be brought to justice, but when criminals are harbored in the U.S. its fine and dandy.
Can anyone tell me what the U.S. even has to gain by protecting him? Why even bother? Are they just trying to save face by ignoring it because they backed his govenment? Its unbelievable. I say its time to ship Goni out of here.
Be careful bloggers!
Among all the subjects, I find, Jim is the most biased and unbalanced when it comes to Goni; to the point I believe, is more emotional than rational in his analysis in this matter.
Most of us would agree that the suspect should be brought to justice and then labeled criminal once he/she has been proven guilty.
If you read previous entries in this Blog, you will find Jim playing the role of judge already …”People from the US ought to care that our government is harboring an international criminal.”* …look at the title “The president who killed…” …can clearly show that judicial Jim already put Goni in Jail.
In my opinion, this is nothing more and nothing less than political motivated.
If Goni comes to Bolivia, NICA!, never going to happen that he will go to jail. Goni has too much political power (and money) …and the left knows this. Like many times in Bolivia, this case would be solved exchanging political favor.
Goni’s MNR is currently 4 in the elections…some congress sits he will get. If Goni returns to Bolivia before the elections, currently MNR holds many more sits in congress.
Maybe the US knows this and wants to proceed with this issue after the election. But we also have to accept that there could be other factors. Who knows the extradition law in this blog to enlight us? Can people get extradited under political motivated trials?
Close to 15 people has been indicted or called to justify including Sanchez Berzain, “Ministro de Gobierno”, and many of the people that followed the line of command from presidency to the military personnel that did the killing. So why don’t we hear much about this other people? Are all of them in Bolivia waiting for Goni to come? ….again, this seems mainly political, and unfortunately, with manipulation to the families of the victims so that they go out in the street to protest.
So now, 2 US citizens, get the official papers from the US State department and proceed to “serve” goni??? Very unlikely! This doesn’t sound legal at all…but Jim says “Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada is now legally required to return to Bolivia to give testimony on the charges against him” …well, maybe Jim want to be more serious about this and give us a reference where in the law of DC says this? …sounds to me that this is more in the District of Jim.
Saludos, Javier F.
Refererences:
* The President Who Killed and the Country that Keeps Him Safe (Oct 17) at this blog.
In my opinion the reason its so important to at least put characters like Goni on trial is to make an attempt at holding leaders accountable for their actions. If there is a obvious sham court and he gets off I'm sure that many Bolivians, especially the relatives of the fallen, will take to the streets and let the criminal justice system know they should take this seriously. Does the criminal justice system in Bolivia have appeals? It seems to me that the further up in the judicial system a case goes the less likely the judge will be a complete sham (I'm sure there are exceptions).
Also, I don't really know if there is any merit to what Javier F is saying. What I see Javier as trying to do is dismiss the case against Goni because Goni's critics are politically motivated. I mean this is a pretty low argument.
First off, just because a certain segment of the population (in Bolivia I would assume that a majority of citizens would like to see Goni stand trial) wants to bring an ex-leader to justice who they were opposed to both on political grounds and in terms of his use of force, doesnt mean that the case is invalid. What about the trials in Nuremburg? They could be counted as being "politically motivated" as well.
Also, with regard to the other people prosecuted in the trials of a lesser order than Goni -- It makes sense to me that Jim would focus on talking about bringin Goni to justice. This blog is generally geared for people who want to learn more about Bolivia and get updates on the important goings on -- so given that I think focusing on the success (or lack thereof) of people trying to bring Goni back into the country is appropriate.
Also what is up with you backhanded remark about the families of the victims being manipulated so that they will protest? I'm not sure if im understanding you right, but if I am, then you are somehow assuming that the families of the dead of 2003 are just stupid pawns who are being manipulated into protesting and who dont have any reason to protest. This remark seems to me to be pretty arrogant. I don't know too many of the details of the case but generally it seems that when people lose loved ones in political "accidents" they get furious as well as pretty politically aware pretty fast. So basically Javier: Who the hell are you?
Overall I'd say that your latest post is "politically motivated." Your picking on a relatively non-threatening post of Jim's just so you can be oppositional.
-Alex
Thanks for the warning Javier, but anyone but the casual reader visiting this website is well aware of Jim's convictions. However,if you know your logical reasoning (for training check out: http://www.fallacyfiles.org/index.html)
you can fare well in these waters.
Going back to the subject: I just love La Prensa's take on this:
Activistas incomodan a Goni con notificación simbólica
http://www.laprensa.com.bo/hoy/politica/politica03.htm
Apparently there was also an old lady yelling at the Q&A session, (and she comes from my favorite college in
Bolivia La PODEROSA Umss, they haven't had class for the better part of this year, screwed all tenured profs, screwed all non-law or polsci students, and [the loteo of la tamborada is at full speed] and it's all thanks to Jim's trosko buddies).
anyhow, I'm starting to like this place at least indymedia-grade censoring standards haven't been applied yet.
Oh and one other thing -- Javier -- if this was a case where some regular guy was being accused of murder and it widely known if the person was even at the scene of the crime, I would agree that it would be important to be careful with the word criminal v. suspect.
In this case however, everyone knows that Goni was the president, Goni called out the troops, and Goni approved the use of force to dispense with the protesters. The question for the court will be whether this was an inappropriate use of force, whether Goni was trying to dispense the protests with a massacre, and the like. I'm sure that a lot will depend on the honest of the court, as some people pointed out before. I think that as i said, your point essentially minor. By refering to Goni as a criminal, its not like Jim is tarring the reputation of some innocent private person -- Goni was president, he was in the public eye where his actions in 03 were perceived by all. Whether one views him as a criminal or not is a matter of how one perceived the events.
Also it should be pointed out that Goni's athoritarian qualities go back to the implementation of the NEP in 1985 when the "state of seige" was used to effectively stifle dissent among organized labor -- I was just reading how Goni was caught bragging to officials in Argentina in 89 about the need to repress the population in order to get things done. How democratic.
This guy is ultimately responsible for the the deaths, as comander in chief of the armed forces he gave the order to shoot to kill intead of something like using ruber bullets or firing at the extremities to wound. I doubt he will pay tough, this guy is worth 350 million dollars and you know how much Washinton likes big capitalists. Ultimately tough Bolivians and the inept political instituTions are to blame for electing this retard who can't even speak spanish with a shamefull gringo accent.
I was at the event on Tuesday. Clearly there cannot be a fair investigation with the current situation in the country.
Goni should absolutely have to answer and testify about his role and his knowledge in all of the events of October 2003. There is no question about that, but too many people are saying guilty before there is even an investigation.
As I said before, sometimes blind eagerness to prove one's convictions can cause more damage than good, a sample of what's coming:
FISCALIA: NOTIFICACION DE ACTIVISTAS A GONI PUEDE AFECTAR EN INVESTIGACION
SUCRE, 03 Nov. (ABI).- La Fiscalía General de la República, rechazó la acción de notificación realizada por activistas de derechos humanos de los Estados Unidos, al ex presidente Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, porque podría afectar en el curso del proceso del juicio de responsabilidades que se encara por los hechos de octubre. La fiscal adscrita al caso Mirna Arancibia, señaló que en vez de coadyuvar al proceso, dicha acción podría obstaculizar la investigación toda vez que Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, puede argumentar que su persona está siendo perseguida y hostigada e incluso podría aducir que su vida corre peligro. [BRAVO! for the "activists" & Co.]
Por lo que bien puede tomar la decisión de cambiar de domicilio o presentar algún recurso internacional situaciones que no van a contribuir al proceso de investigación y notificación que en el marco legal se está tramitando. Arancibia, acotó que la Fiscalía se ha encontrado ante un conflicto jurídicamente hablando, ya que la "pretendida notificación de esta manera no colabora en la investigación", la posición que adoptó la Fiscalía General de la República se basa fundamentalmente en seguir el procedimiento legal establecido en las normas.
Enfatizó que la Fiscalía desconocía y quedó sorprendida con la acción asumida por los activistas de derechos humanos en Estados Unidos, por lo que se tomará contacto con los abogados y en especial con el Comité Impulsor del Juicio de Responsabilidades , para conocer la intencionalidad de la notificación, ya que se podía haber analizado una forma legal para realizar la citación, de acuerdo a procedimiento. La fiscal Arancibia, hizo estas declaraciones tras conocer que activistas de derechos humanos en Estados Unidos, entregaron al ex Presidente de Bolivia Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, una notificación simbólica que contenía la lista de muertos producto de los hechos de septiembre y octubre.
Finalmente dijo que el exhorto suplicatorio con la demanda para el juicio de responsabilidades contra el ex mandatario, se encuentra en el Departamento de Justicia, instancia en la que se revisará de manera exhaustiva los exhortos suplicatorios para evitar observaciones.
Hey guys - I organized the event. I wish I had made it more private, with vetting of the guests beforehand. It was extremely disrespectful of the protesters because my organization, which received the proceeds from the event, is in favor of peace and hemispheric integration. (http://www.princeton.edu/~pila) We are completely non-partisan and Goni gave an excellent talk. The protestors showed a level of hate and vitriol that saddens me as we continue to get polarized; the radical left-wing becoming less open-minded and more vindictive by the day. Congratulations for "sneaking" into the event, you personally disrespected me and the hard work that I have done over the past 3 years in getting Americans firsthand exposure to the realities of Latin America.
"in getting Americans firsthand exposure to the realities of Latin America."
So it's disrespectful for the realities of Latin America to interrupt an event held by a group working to understand the realities of Latin America, eh?
Hey, look, the non-partisan deal may get you some credibitility in the U.S. but there is really no such thing and that is evident in you choice of guest.
Goni is a great, articulate speaker (much more so in English), an excellent strategist and executive. But he is also (one of?) the richest man in Bolivia, extremely disconnected from the day to day reality of most others, and whether the term is genocide or not, responsible by any standard for people being shot by military under his command.
I don't know what work you do, sorry DRTFL- but it makes no sense at all to think you are "exposing realities" if you don't understand, and present to your audience, both sides.
In my humble opinion, you should be thanking the protesters for this at least.
Seems pretty self-rightious to me to claim that you are bringing first-hand realities to Americans and to rail against activists, especially in that pompus tone you use.
With regard to the issue of being "completely non-partisan": inviting a man like Mr. Sanchez de Lozada to be a keynote speaker at your event, in the name of humanitarian issues, education, and development in Latin America, strikes me a partisan act in itself, whether it is a conscious one or not. Remember, Mr. Sanchez de Lozada was thrown out of Bolivia by Bolivian peasants, workers, urban dwellers, intellectuals, and middle-class speaking with one voice. It was not "partisan". Personally, assuming you have good intentions (which i do), I have no idea how you could invite such a man!?!? It just doesnt make any sense to me. Anyway, feel free to correct me if you think I'm off-base.
Alex (originalexplorer), I see you are more emotionally charged than Jim on this one.
If you think my argument is pretty low, well that is your opinion and you are entitled to it.
So, let’s see what are you arguments…mmm…none!… you are just telling us …just because politically motivated people want to bring Goni to face trial “doesn’t mean the case is invalid”
Ofcourse NOT Alex. Is this all you have to let us know that there are no, or little political influence on this?? ...The case IS VALID regardless on how much politics is involved; but to be impartial, logical and rational, you have to explore the likely caracteristics of the case.
Do I want to invalidate the case? Am I saying there shouldn’t be trial?…read my post again….slowly.
We all agree…suspects of criminal activity should be brought to justice. Bolivia has the mechanisms, the legal process and there is also international agreements on this. I believe most bolivians (including me) will say….WE WANT JUSTICE TO PREVAIL.
Now, there are political forces in Bolivia as well as in the US to make this cases NOT IDEAL…thus it will go slowly to eternity.
And yes, if Goni is guilty of anything, he should pay. But, we all have to also think there is the possibility that Goni-haters in the military can also be responsible. So this is what bolivians want…the thruth to come out.
Critisizing that an argument is low without providing arguments to debate is simply a emotional remark Alex.
Did I imply that the families of the death are “stupid pawns”?...that is your interpretation. Actually I think they are intelligent to accept all the help they can get in order to achieve their goals. This is pretty normal behavior…nothing to argue there. This families know, that as soon as the next election gives little power to MNR, they will receive less support for their goals.
A more important debate is the fact that there is always the predisposition to blame all the killings to the President. There is an entire system, line of command, etc, etc…that should be looked upon when investigating killings. Look what happened with Bolivia when we had Carlos Mesa not taking the military out?
Non Bolivian residents have to know that the success of protest in Bolivia is measured by the number of victims. We see it all the time. When protest don’t have casualties, protest leader go about saying “Radicalisaremos las medidas” …and they do…until people fall death.
Don’t know US history that much, but how many US presidents have been endicted for the police killings on US protest in US soil?
Well, if this blog is for people “who want to learn more about Bolivia” …I hope you don’t mind Alex that readers provide with more balanced information and analysis …so yes, Goni is not the only one, there are about 15 that are part of all this, but as I heard …”there is no trial without Goni”.
Yes, we want “leaders to be accountable for their action”, and so we want the truth….but to make it fair, all other interests should be trimmed.
Saludos, Javier F
I am frustrated by the stances by both the right and the left in regards to the situation in Bolivia. I see myself trying to play devil's advocate far too often in regards to the left. I hold the left to a much higher standard because I expect much more from them.
However, this is not a black and white issue. Too many people are placing the blame solely on Goni's shoulders. The romanticization of the social movement frustrates me.
From the Narco News May 24, 2005 (my emphasis-bold):
"At the intersection of Comercio Street (a busy pedestrian corridor) and Yanacocha Street, the peasant farmer leadership stopped at one meter from the repressive forces and demanded to pass. Some leaders began minor scuffles to provoke police and advance further.But the march turned north and began to look for other crossings… in each one, the same scene was repeated: the people, shouting “nationalization” and demanding the resignation of Mesa and all public officials, tried to enter the Plaza Murillo."
http://narcosphere.narconews.com/story/2005/5/24/174716/841
It should be noted that the police responded with restraint in spite of the methods of provocation.
Schultz's articles are normally full of misleading statements, distortions, and outright lies.
Members of outgoing governments in Bolivia are usually sued in for everything and anything, by the incoming party. It is a time-honored tactic to paralyze the oppositions big hitters. Judicial processes take a long time, under civil code judicial systems judges can impound your personal property and issue arrest warrants, even in civil cases.
Goni and the MNR, did it to MIR/ADN types in the 90's. For some people this is payback. Goni has little open support left in Bolivia, so that leaves him exposed to this kind of suit.
Bol-Nica,
Your comments used to be interesting and based on information. What happened? Now you are just another rhetoric-slinger.
Hello all,
I am the woman who was yelling and screaming. I don't know where you got your information on me but I am not "old" nor am I Bolivian. I am an American citizen who was studying at the UMSA in 2003.
Just to clarify, I did not come with the folks who served Goni with the subpoena, although I think I understand what they were trying to do.
As for Christian's comments, I agree with others when they say that you cannot simultaneously be "non partisan" and invite a man who is wanted (for deposition, I know, I'm not going to say "a wanted criminal" or anything like that) to speak at your fundraiser.
It seems to me that PiLA is one of so many US-based NGO's that operates from a "White man's burden" mindset (or perhaps "North American man's burden" since many of the fellows have Spanish-language surnames). In general, the attitude of the event at the Princeton Club was one of condescencion at best and imperialism at worst. Wasn't it you, Christian, who made the joke after your friends kicked out the protestors "No more civil unrest! This isn't Bolivia" (to which the rich, mostly white Princeton alums chuckled at sipped the wine that had been served to them by the Black and Latino/a Club employees)? I interpreted your flippant comments as suggesting that WE in the United States are civilized, while THEY down there only communicate through demonstrations and road blockades. Given that attitude, I am not surprised that you feel so self-righteous about your organization. You must really think you are helping people.
Although I have been labeled as completely irrational, I actually had a question for Goni which (to summarize) was regarding whether he intended to respond to the subpoena or if he was going to continue to ignore it. I will not apologize for my question, or for becoming emotional. I have been told that emotion will destroy my credibility, but, in my opinion, anyone who can see dozens of people killed and feel nothing has even less credibility than I. I agree with the comments made earlier that blaming Goni or any one person is overly simplistic and will not achieve justice. At the same time, I think that celebrating Goni while he continues to ignore the ongoing legal process is very unproductive.
In any case, I appreciate this dialogue. At least here anyone who can get their hands on a computer can say what s/he thinks, without being censored or "vetted" by arrogant types like Christian, armed with his 25 dollar cover charge to participate in the conversation.
Carmen,
It seems that your anger is taking away from your point - you attack me (someone who is running a non-profit trying to send people to work in latin america) for running an event in Washington to discuss South America.
Did you listen to Elyse Kovalsky, who spent a year in El Alto running seminars on reproductive health to Aymara women and street children? I attended one of her seminars, in which she, a 22 year old girl, was explaining to women in their 40s and 50s that the hot flashes they had because of menopause were not Satan and in fact were a normal part of life. These women were initially cautious because of this "white man's burden" (your words, not mine) but flocked to her because of her energy and courage.
The $25 fee was intended to cover costs (we have a shoestring budget and up until now could not afford events such as these).
I am sorry I came across as arrogant with my comments; I was only trying to losen the mood.
I would be interested in carrying on this dialogue without this digital veil, if you would like to meet in person I would be happy to, you can reach me at pila@princeton.edu or 609-258-9148. I would be thrilled to meet a person so passionate about a country I grew to love when I visited in April of this year. (And hopefully I'll be back soon.)
PS Ask the black and latino employees of the DACOR House if they really hate their jobs as you suggest, it is indeed a white misconception that immigrants are oppressed. Latin American immigrants come to this country because of one reason: jobs, and by extension money. I appreciate you attending, I hope the publicity generated can help PiLA grow. And like I mentioned in the other thread, we receive no money from Princeton University.
I did listen to Elyse's comments, and I find it hard to believe that a twenty-something-year-old kid from another country had something to tell those women about their own bodies that they didn't already know or that they couldn't discover from talking with each other. This is exactly what I'm talking about. No legitimate solutions to the challenges that Latin America faces right now are going to come from the North. As a person who lives in the United States, I feel that my role is to speak where I see injustice but not presume to have all the solutions, especially given the history of US intervention in Latin America.
I agree with you that it is silly to continue this conversation electronically. You're right, most of my anger is directed at the Goni and other government officials who allowed the situation to escalate to violence in 2003. Nevertheless, I still find it incredibly problematic and offensive that your organization invited this man to speak, knowing (as I can only assume you did know) that he has not yet responded to the official (and legal) citation issued four months ago. If you are truly concerned with a more democratic Latin America, shouldn't you support efforts to investigate the unlawful killings of civilians? Ignoring such efforts does not make you "non-partisan"; it makes you an advocate of impunity. I will not meet with you. Nor will I post to this blog again. I feel that this debate is becoming, in part because of my actions, overly focused on a tangential issue.
We were talking about Bolivia. Not the futility of PiLA.
"No legitimate solutions to the challenges that Latin America faces right now are going to come from the North."
There will never be solutions with people that think like this.
Carmen, you reminde me of "Vilma Plata", a teacher union lider in Bolivia. Her actitude is, "no solution is good if it comes from the government".
You are full of prejudice. A 22 year old person can be a very well educated college graduate that has spent lots of time reading books that others had spent life time of research to write them. But, to even justify more you case, you add the fact that is a kid from another country....so what?
Unfortunately people like Carmen, are impossible to reason with. And it is because they are enclosed in their prejudgemental belief of things. They will never open up their brains to allow the posibility that there are better ways of doing something or perhaps, that they were wrong at some point.
And, unfortunate it is, because I find many union lider in Bolivia with the same kind of energy Carmen has.
Why are we harboring a murderer?
Questions concerning the use of 'first world' technologies, education, and development strategies are important to contemplate and take-on in a genuine manner. I'm impressed that Carmen, a U.S. citizen, pointed out (in so many words) the importance of validating indigenous education about menopause. I would respond to anonymous' post by saying that the issue is not that a 22 year old college grad is incapable of imparting useful knowledge to indigenous women in their 40's and 50's, but rather that that type of solution (aka, a foreign, more 'modern' one) comes at the end of a long line of 'foreign' (and especially US) solutions to Bolivian problems. Thus that singular incident has a larger historical context, which is extremely controversial. Anonymous wrote "[people] will never...allow the possibility that there are better ways of doing things"- the word "better" is key here. For those who are interested in learning more about he negative effects of "better" (US) farming and medicinal techniques in Bolivia, I suggest looking at Kevin Healy's book, "Llama, Weavings, and Organic Chocolate".
I would not make the claim that the West has nothing of value to offer other countries, but all too often the people affected by the influx of Western ideas and technologies have no choice in the matter. Western education can (and in the vast majority of cases, HAS) acted as an arm of imperialism, destroying Native cultural solutions to Native problems. In light of the neo-colonial relationship that the US has with Bolivia, efforts to further bestow 'modern' education in Indigenous communities can be very problematic. Again, I don't discount it completely, but US organizations (like Christian's) who have the best intentions in going to rural areas and alleviating poverty MUST, at the same time, be extremely conscious of a) the underlying assumptions they are making about Western-style development and education (aka it's more 'progressive', 'modern', and therefore better than other methods) and b)the imperial past of 'first world' education in 'third world' countries.
To be explicit about my own assumptions, I'll admit that much of my skepticism comes from reading a lot of post-development theory, but I would suggest to any person who is seriously attempting to engage these issues to do the same. Ethical questions are rife in this debate. For a more in-depth analysis of ehtical concerns surrounding Western development strategy, 'The Post-Development Reader' is a marvelous text (edited by Rahnema and Bawtree) and will be of help to anyone planning on continuing the great debate which has been started here.
We should be more critical with Sanchez de Lozada and remember all the reforms he did for Bolivia saving thousands of lives.
If G.S. de L. did so many good things for bolivia before killing more than 100 people. He should be confident enough to go back to bolivia.
Watch
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDtTBEcPjwc
and
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1ObrAz0hNo
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